Metabolome-based profiling of African baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata L.) using a multiplex approach of MS and NMR techniques in relation to its biological activity
Introduction: Adansonia digitata L., commonly known as the African baobab, is a significant fruit-producing tree widely distributed across the African continent. Baobab fruits are renowned for their potential health benefits and nutritional value. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the metabolome of A. digitata fruits using a novel comparative approach involving three different analytical platforms.
Methods: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) were utilized for phytonutrient and aroma profiling, respectively. Additionally, GC-MS post-silylation provided an overview of nutrients such as sugars. UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis identified 77 metabolites, with 50% being reported in the fruit for the first time. GC-MS analysis of silylated compounds and aroma compounds identified 74 and 16 compounds, respectively. NMR-based metabolite fingerprinting enabled the quantification of major metabolites for future standardization.
Results: The study also assessed the in vivo antidiabetic potential of baobab fruit using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations demonstrated hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects of A. digitata fruit, along with mitigation of diabetes complications. Additionally, administration of A. digitata fruit (150 mg/kg) twice a week resulted in lowered fasting blood glucose levels.
Conclusion: This comprehensive metabolomic analysis reveals the rich and diverse composition of A. digitata fruit, with significant implications for its nutritional and medicinal use. The study also underscores the antidiabetic potential of baobab fruit, providing a basis for its therapeutic application in EG-011 managing diabetes and related complications.